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as a cosmic photographer NASA's Hubble

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Space Telescope has taken over a million

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snapshots documenting the universe

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these images illustrate explain and

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Inspire us with their Grandeur but may

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not match what we'd see with our own

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eyes

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that's because Hubble sees light beyond

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our sensitivity

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our eyes only sense a small fraction of

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the universe's light

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this tiny band of wavelengths called the

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visible spectrum holds every color in

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the rainbow light outside that span with

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longer or shorter wavelengths is

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invisible to our eyes but those

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invisible wavelengths can tell us so

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much more about the universe Hubble

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House's six scientific instruments that

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observe at different wavelengths

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together they expand our vision into

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infrared and ultraviolet light

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that doesn't mean Hubble can show us

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never before seeing colors in fact the

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telescope can only see the universe in

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Shades of Gray

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seeing in black and white allows Hubble

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to detect subtle differences in the

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light's intensity if one wavelength is

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brighter than another that tells us

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something about the science of that

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object

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but because color helps humans interpret

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what we see NASA Specialists work to

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process and colorize publicly available

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Hubble data into more accessible images

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when Hubble snaps a photo it puts a

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filter in front of its detector allowing

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specific wavelengths to pass through

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Broadband filters let in a wide range of

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light

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narrowband filters are more selective

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isolating light from Individual elements

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like hydrogen oxygen and sulfur

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Hubble observes the same object multiple

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times using different filters image

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processors then assign those images a

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color based on their filtered wavelength

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the longest wavelength becomes red

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medium becomes green and the shortest

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blue corresponding to the light sensors

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in our eyes

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combining them gives us a color image

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showcasing characteristics we can't make

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out in black and white

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adding color reveals the underlying

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science in every image

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it's like translating words into another

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language making sure no information is

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lost

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some words have an exact counterpart the

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meaning Remains the Same when you swap

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them couple's true color photos are like

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that they are a direct translation using

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broad filters and wavelengths we can see

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other words can't be translated directly

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when we use narrowband filters or peer

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outside the visible spectrum it's like

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translating words with no one word

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replacement easily done but requires

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more work

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narrowband images highlight the

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concentration of important elements

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infrared images are like heat Maps

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helping us spot newborn stars in dark

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Dusty clouds and peer further back in

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time and space

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in ultraviolet we uncover active aurorae

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on Jupiter and learn how young massive

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stars develop

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image processors also clean up artifacts

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signatures in an image that aren't

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produced by The observed Target as

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sensors age some pixels become imperfect

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returning too much electrical charge or

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not enough

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artifacts can leave behind odd shapes or

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return images without any true black

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these effects can be calibrated and

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removed

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other artifacts come from the dynamic

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environment of space

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even the best photographers get

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photobombed in Hubble's case the

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culprits are asteroids spacecraft or

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debris trails and high energy particles

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called cosmic rays by combining and

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aligning multiple observations image

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processors can identify them and piece

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together an artifact free image

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without processing many Hubble images

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would be divided down the middle

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this line called a chip Gap is the tiny

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space between some camera sensors Hubble

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moves slightly with each observation

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allowing image processors to fill the

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Gap and replace faulty pixels

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this process is called dithering

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and because there's no natural up or

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down in space processors decide how to

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rotate and frame the image

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it's a time consuming procedure simple

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images take about a week while large

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mosaics stitch together from many

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Hubble images may not be what we'd see

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firsthand instead they are tools for

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understanding science at a glance

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shedding light on otherwise invisible